【Rails7】Ruby on Rails7のローカル環境構築とScaffoldでのアプリ作成

# Rubyインストール
anyenv install rbenv
exec $SHELL -l
rbenv install 3.1.2
rbenv global 3.1.2
exec $SHELL -l

gem install [package name]

# Rails7環境を作成しようとした際にbundlerのバージョンが古くインストールできないためアップデート
sudo gem update --system
exec $SHELL -l

# プロジェクトフォルダ作成
mkdir todo_app_sample
cd todo_app_sample
# Gemfile作成
bundle init

# frozen_string_literal: true
source "https://rubygems.org"
gem 'rails', '~>7.0.1'

# Gemfileの内容をvendor/bundle配下にインストール
# この時、Gemfile.lockも作成される
bundle install --path vendor/bundle
# 指定したRailsのバージョンが表示される
bundle exec rails -v

# 直下にアプリの雛形を作成
# 上書きするか聞かれるが、全てYESにする
# mailer等を作成しない場合は下記を指定
bundle exec rails new .
# サーバ起動
# http://127.0.0.1:3000
bundle exec rails server

app/
├── assets
│   ├── config
│   │   └── manifest.js
│   ├── images
│   └── stylesheets
│       └── application.css
├── channels
│   └── application_cable
│       ├── channel.rb
│       └── connection.rb
├── controllers
│   ├── application_controller.rb
│   └── concerns
├── helpers
│   └── application_helper.rb
├── javascript
│   ├── application.js
│   └── controllers
│       ├── application.js
│       ├── hello_controller.js
│       └── index.js
├── jobs
│   └── application_job.rb
├── mailers
│   └── application_mailer.rb
├── models
│   ├── application_record.rb
│   └── concerns
└── views
    └── layouts
        ├── application.html.erb
        ├── mailer.html.erb
        └── mailer.text.erb

bundle exec rails new . --skip-action-mailer --skip-action-mailbox --skip-action-text --skip-action-cable

config/
├── application.rb
├── boot.rb
├── cable.yml
├── credentials.yml.enc
├── database.yml
├── environment.rb
├── environments
│   ├── development.rb
│   ├── production.rb
│   └── test.rb
├── importmap.rb
├── initializers
│   ├── assets.rb
│   ├── content_security_policy.rb
│   ├── filter_parameter_logging.rb
│   ├── inflections.rb
│   └── permissions_policy.rb
├── locales
│   └── en.yml
├── master.key
├── puma.rb
├── routes.rb
└── storage.yml

default: &default
  adapter: sqlite3
  pool: <%= ENV.fetch("RAILS_MAX_THREADS") { 5 } %>
  timeout: 5000
development:
  <<: *default
  database: db/development.sqlite3
test:
  <<: *default
  database: db/test.sqlite3
production:
  <<: *default
  database: db/production.sqlite3

db/
├── development.sqlite3
└── seeds.rb

# scaffoldでTaskデータのテンプレートを作成
bundle exec rails generate scaffold Task content:text

class CreateTasks < ActiveRecord::Migration[7.0]
  def change
    create_table :tasks do |t|
      t.text :content
      t.timestamps
    end
  end
end

# テーブル作成
bundle exec rails db:migrate

Rails.application.routes.draw do
  resources :tasks
end

#routesの一覧を確認
bundle exec rails routes

    tasks GET    /tasks(.:format)          tasks#index
          POST   /tasks(.:format)          tasks#create
 new_task GET    /tasks/new(.:format)      tasks#new
edit_task GET    /tasks/:id/edit(.:format) tasks#edit
     task GET    /tasks/:id(.:format)      tasks#show
          PATCH  /tasks/:id(.:format)      tasks#update
          PUT    /tasks/:id(.:format)      tasks#update
          DELETE /tasks/:id(.:format)      tasks#destroy

# サーバー起動
bundle exec rails server

class TasksController < ApplicationController
  before_action :set_task, only: %i[ show edit update destroy ]
  # GET /tasks or /tasks.json
  def index
    @tasks = Task.all
  end
  # GET /tasks/1 or /tasks/1.json
  def show
  end
・・・省略・・・

app/views/tasks
├── _form.html.erb
├── _task.html.erb
├── _task.json.jbuilder
├── edit.html.erb
├── index.html.erb
├── index.json.jbuilder
├── new.html.erb
├── show.html.erb
└── show.json.jbuilder

class Task < ApplicationRecord
end

# Railsコンソールに入る
bundle exec rails console

# Taskテーブル全件検索
irb(main):001:0> Task.all
  Task Load (0.1ms)  SELECT "tasks".* FROM "tasks"
=> [#<Task:0x0000000110d34f58 id: 1, content: "寝る", created_at: Sat, 05 Nov 2022 14:25:35.731950000 UTC +00:00, updated_at: Sat, 05 Nov 2022 14:25:35.731950000 UTC +00:00>]

# id指定で検索
irb(main):002:0> Task.find(1)
  Task Load (0.1ms)  SELECT "tasks".* FROM "tasks" WHERE "tasks"."id" = ? LIMIT ?  [["id", 1], ["LIMIT", 1]]
=> #<Task:0x0000000110c9e788 id: 1, content: "寝る", created_at: Sat, 05 Nov 2022 14:25:35.731950000 UTC +00:00, updated_at: Sat, 05 Nov 2022 14:25:35.731950000 UTC +00:00>
# データ作成
irb(main):003:0> task = Task.create(content: "二度寝する")
  TRANSACTION (0.1ms)  begin transaction
  Task Create (0.4ms)  INSERT INTO "tasks" ("content", "created_at", "updated_at") VALUES (?, ?, ?)  [["content", "二度寝する"], ["created_at", "2022-11-05 14:31:16.292924"], ["updated_at", "2022-11-05 14:31:16.292924"]]
  TRANSACTION (0.8ms)  commit transaction                              
=> #<Task:0x00000001110b4638 id: 2, content: "二度寝する", created_at: Sat, 05 Nov 2022 14:31:16.292924000 UTC +00:00, updated_at: Sat, 05 Nov 2022 14:31:16.292924000 UTC +00:00>
# saveしないとデータは挿入されない
irb(main):004:0> task.save!
=> true
irb(main):005:0> Task.all
  Task Load (0.1ms)  SELECT "tasks".* FROM "tasks"
=>                                                                     
[#<Task:0x0000000110b87390 id: 1, content: "寝る", created_at: Sat, 05 Nov 2022 14:25:35.731950000 UTC +00:00, updated_at: Sat, 05 Nov 2022 14:25:35.731950000 UTC +00:00>,
 #<Task:0x0000000110b872c8 id: 2, content: "二度寝する", created_at: Sat, 05 Nov 2022 14:31:16.292924000 UTC +00:00, updated_at: Sat, 05 Nov 2022 14:31:16.292924000 UTC +00:00>]
# データ削除
irb(main):006:0> task.destroy
  TRANSACTION (0.0ms)  begin transaction
  Task Destroy (0.3ms)  DELETE FROM "tasks" WHERE "tasks"."id" = ?  [["id", 2]]
  TRANSACTION (0.8ms)  commit transaction                              
=> #<Task:0x00000001110b4638 id: 2, content: "二度寝する", created_at: Sat, 05 Nov 2022 14:31:16.292924000 UTC +00:00, updated_at: Sat, 05 Nov 2022 14:31:16.292924000 UTC +00:00>
irb(main):007:0> Task.all
  Task Load (0.1ms)  SELECT "tasks".* FROM "tasks"
=> [#<Task:0x0000000111156af0 id: 1, content: "寝る", created_at: Sat, 05 Nov 2022 14:25:35.731950000 UTC +00:00, updated_at: Sat, 05 Nov 2022 14:25:35.731950000 UTC +00:00>]